According to the physicist organization network July 9th (Beijing time), recently, the US Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, etc. used electronic holography technology to photograph the subatomic structure of ferroelectric nanomaterial And revealed its nature. The researchers pointed out that this is the smallest scale of the ferroelectric subatomic structure photographed so far, which helps to understand the properties of ferroelectric materials, expand its research and application, and develop a new generation of advanced electronic equipment. Related papers were published in the journal Nature on July 8.
This kind of electron holography can photograph the electric field image produced by the atomic displacement of the material with the accuracy of picometer (10 minus 12th power). Brooke Hydrophysicist Zhu Yimei said: "This is the first time we have seen the exact location of an atom and connected it to the ferroelectric phenomenon of nanoparticles. This fundamental breakthrough is not only a technical milestone, It also brings possibilities for engineering applications. "
Ferromagnetic materials can be seen everywhere in daily life. This material itself has a magnetic dipole distance, pointing to the north or south pole. These dipole distances tend to be neatly arranged by themselves, thus generating magnetization for attraction and repulsion. These materials can be manipulated by applying a magnetic field to reverse the magnetization.
Ferroelectric materials are in the same family as ferromagnetic materials. They also have a dipole distance at the molecular scale, but the positive and negative electrodes instead of the magnetic poles can also be turned by applying an electric field. This key feature comes from the asymmetry and arrangement at the subatomic level within the material. In the new study, the researchers photographed this phenomenon for the first time through a transmission electron microscope.
Current magnetic storage devices, such as hard disks in most computers, "write" information to ferromagnetic materials by flipping internal magnetic moments (corresponding to computer binary codes 1 or 0). Ferroelectric storage combines the two electrode states of the material through an electric field, converts it into code, and writes and reads data information on a computer. In the end, in terms of efficiency, ferroelectric materials are expected to outperform ferromagnetic materials.
Ferroelectric materials store information in a smaller space, almost dropping from micrometers to nanometers. At the nanometer level, each particle is a bit. But to extend to application devices, you must know how to compress them without sacrificing internal electrodes. In theory, this is very difficult. The researchers explained that the electron holography demonstrated in the experiment can determine the required parameters in various situations.
The study revealed that a single ferroelectric particle can maintain the stability of the electrode, which means that each nanoparticle can serve as a data bit. However, due to their existence of fringe fields, some active space (about 5 nanometers) is required to operate effectively. Otherwise, it may fail to maintain the integrity of the code and damage the information when it is expanded into the computer storage. Brookhaven physicist Han Yongjian said that ferroelectric materials can increase the storage density, and the information stored in electronic devices made of ferroelectric materials per square inch reaches terabytes. Go further.
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What is the storage capacity of a piece of nails? Today, people are constantly improving the portability of electronic devices. This may be a problem that haunts countless engineers. The characteristics of small size, large storage density and high reliability of ferroelectric materials have made them popular in the scientific and industrial circles in recent years. The new discovery by American scientists reveals the smallest volume that a certain capacity of ferroelectric memory can possess from a scientific level. The next thing is to make the memory in the hands of engineers infinitely close to this limit. The initial application of engineering applications was the scientific laboratory, which once again proved the great contribution of scientific research to technological breakthroughs and industrial development.
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