Carbon fiber is a microcrystalline graphite material obtained by carbonization and graphitization of organic fibers. It has high strength and modulus of high-temperature fiber and is a high-end chemical fiber. Carbon fiber not only has the inherent characteristics of carbon materials, but also has the soft processability of textile fibers. It weighs less than 1/4 of steel, but its strength is very strong. And its corrosion resistance is outstanding, is a new generation of reinforced fiber.
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According to the original silk type classification:
There are many types of precursor materials that are suitable for the manufacture of carbon fibers, and have a wide range of sources. The most commonly used raw materials are Rayon, PAN, Pitch and various gaseous hydrocarbons. These precursors are pyrolyzed under the corresponding process conditions. Catalytic pyrolysis and carbonization form or generate corresponding carbon fibers.
1. Viscose-based carbon fiber: A carbon fiber made from viscous collagen fibers after chemical treatment, carbonization, and high temperature treatment. Structurally, viscose-based carbon fibers are generally isotropic carbon fibers. The fibrils (ie, viscose fibers) of such carbon fibers generally have a relatively low alkali metal content, such as a sodium content of generally less than 25 ppm and a total ash content of not more than 200 ppm, so that it is particularly suitable for use in the production of flame fluxes. Low-alkali metal ablation heat-resistant composites
2. Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber: A carbon fiber made by pre-oxidizing polyacrylonitrile precursor, carbonizing, and heat-treating at the highest possible temperature.
3. Pitch-based carbon fibers: can be divided into two categories: isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers and anisotropic pitch-based carbon fibers. The carbon fiber obtained by stabilization and carbonization of isotropic pitch fiber is referred to as isotropic pitch-based carbon fiber, ie, a general-grade pitch-based carbon fiber with lower mechanical properties; it is spun from a mesophase or mesophase pitch. Fibers that are converted into asphalt fibers in the silk process and stabilized, carbonized, and appropriately treated at high temperatures are called anisotropic pitch-based carbon fibers.
4. Vapor-grown carbon fiber: A carbon fiber that uses hydrocarbon gas as a raw material and is grown with the help of a solid catalyst (such as iron or other transition metals). Vapour-phase carbon fibers consist of graphitizable carbon, which can be converted into graphite fibers through a high temperature of 2800 degrees.
Classified by mechanical properties:
1. High-model carbon fiber (HM): This is an elastic modulus in the axial direction of the fiber that is equivalent to 30% or more of the graphite single crystal elastic constant (the theoretical value of the carbon fiber modulus), and tensile strength and elastic modulus. The ratio of carbon fiber is less than 1%.
2. High-strength carbon fibers (HT): Generally, the tensile strength of such carbon fibers exceeds 3,000 MPa, and the ratio of strength to stiffness is approximately 1.5% to 2.0%.
3, in the model of carbon fiber (IM): It is basically a type of high-carbon fiber, also known as high-strength model of carbon fiber. Its tensile strength is comparable to that of high-strength carbon fiber, but the modulus value is slightly higher, which can reach 30% of the theoretical value of carbon fiber, and the ratio of strength to modulus is still higher than 1%. The application of such fibers is the most common and is commonly used to make various types of structural composites.
According to carbon fiber carbonization different points:
1, graphitized carbon fiber cloth, can withstand 2000-3000 degrees high temperature.
2, carbon fiber cloth, can withstand 1000 degrees high temperature.
3, pre-oxidation carbon fiber cloth, can withstand 200-300 degrees high temperature.
Different points according to the weaving method:
1, woven carbon fiber cloth, mainly: plain cloth, twill cloth, satin cloth, one-way cloth and so on.
2, knitted carbon fiber cloth, mainly: Warp knitting cloth, weft knitting cloth, circular machine cloth (sleeve), knitting machine (rib cloth) and so on.
3, woven carbon fiber cloth, mainly include: casing, packing, braiding, two-dimensional cloth, three-dimensional cloth, three-dimensional woven cloth.
4, carbon fiber pre-impregnated cloth, are: dry prepreg cloth, wet prepreg cloth, unidirectional prepreg cloth, prepreg tape, no care cloth, a cloth and so on.
5, carbon fiber non-woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, carbon fiber felt, carbon felt, including chopped strand mats, continuous mats, surface mats, needle felts, suede mats and so on.
Features:
1. The material is light and high strength: the tensile strength is 3200～4000MPa, which is more than 10 times of that of the steel with the same section, the specific gravity is 2.0~3.0g/cm3, the thickness of the single layer is 0.112~0.167mm, and it is pasted with the adhesive and the structure. It has a thickness of only about 2mm without pre-processing, convenient construction, no pressurization and lifting, and it is prominent in improving the static load of the components, dynamic load, stiffness of the components, creep resistance of the components and durability of the components. The effect.
2. Convenient in construction: It occupies less space, requires no large-scale equipment, no wet operation, no need of hot work, no on-site fixed facilities, and high construction efficiency.
3, high durability: will not rust, very suitable for high acid, alkali, salt and atmospheric corrosion environment, but also has high fatigue resistance, wear resistance, anti-aging and other advantages.
Process flow:
Filament Retreat - Concentration Line - Horizontal Drying Furnace - Pre-Oxidation Furnace 1 - Pre-Oxidation Furnace 2 - Pre-Oxidation Furnace 3 - Low Temperature Charring Furnace - High Temperature Charring Furnace - Surface Treatment 1 - Surface Treatment 2 - Washing - horizontal drying furnace - sizing - vertical drying furnace - take the wire.
Applications:
Because carbon fiber is light and hard, it is widely used.
The reinforced plastic made of carbon fiber is strong and light in texture, resistant to high temperature, radiation, water, and corrosion, and is an excellent material for manufacturing aircraft, weapons, and corrosion-resistant equipment.
In recent years, carbon fiber has been widely used in large-scale aircraft, such as Airbus A350 and A380, Boeing 787 are using carbon fiber composite materials to reduce fuel consumption.
In addition, the blades of large wind turbines, the bodies of racing cars and steam locomotives are all important factors for the increase in demand for carbon fiber composite materials. Bicycles also use carbon fiber composite materials as the frame, but due to the high manufacturing cost of carbon fiber composite materials, they are mostly used in high-end vehicles.
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