In 1982, the once-unknown Rubik's Cube stood out at the Knoxville Expo in the United States. The Rubik's Cube is a varied intellectual toy that was invented in 1974 by Professor Rubik of the Budapest School of Architecture in Hungary.
Rubik's Cube
[Chinese and Foreign Toys and Gifts Network] The World Expo (referred to as the World Expo) is an international large-scale exhibition that demonstrates the achievements of mankind in the social, economic, cultural and scientific fields. In 2010, Shanghai will host a grand world expo.
Before the arrival of the new World Expo, let us look to the past and look back at previous World Expos to see what scientific and technological achievements have gone from the World Expo to the world. Many new scientific and technological achievements that have emerged in previous World Expos have changed people's lives, and some still play a role.
In 1851, the first crystal palace was built.
The first World Expo was held on May 1, 1851 in London, England. The British government used 4,500 tons of steel and 300,000 pieces of glass to build the world's first Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London, as the main venue for the Expo. This artificial crystal palace is 520 meters long and 30 meters high. The building now looks ordinary, but it is not easy to build such a building more than 150 years ago, because the steel industry and the glass manufacturing industry were just getting started. Therefore, the Crystal Palace of this exhibition became one of the most luxurious buildings in the world at that time. Unfortunately, this historic building was destroyed in the war in the Second World War.
1853 "Dramaized" showcases automatic stairs
In 1853, the World Expo was held in New York, USA. The most popular in this exhibition was the automatic staircase invented by American Lisa Otis. Otis showed the "automatic staircase" he invented in a "dramatic" way. He stood on a lift platform carrying wooden crates, vats and other cargo. When the platform reached a height that everyone could see, he ordered the rope to be cut. Some of the audience held their breath, some blindfolded, and some silently prayed for him. At this time, the safe braking device designed by Otis was started, and the platform was safely parked in place, and the wire did not move. Then, Otis starts the automatic device, and the stairs can be automatically moved up and down. At this point, the audience gave him the warmest applause. The automatic staircase he invented has since been exported to countries around the world, providing an important tool for the construction and use of skyscrapers. This type of automatic staircase cannot be called an elevator because it is powered by a steam engine.
1855 Saxophone goes to the world
The 1855 World Expo was held in Paris. At this fair, the most popular is the inventor of the saxophone, Adolf Sachs. At the time, the French emperor Napoleon III saw someone holding a strange long-mouthed horn in his hand and asked, "What is this?" The answer is: "Mr. This is a newly invented instrument called Saxophone." The inventor is me, Adolf Sachs.†Adolf Sachs also played a song for Napoleon III, and Napoleon III greatly appreciated this novel instrument. In fact, as early as 1840, Sax invented the saxophone according to the pronunciation principle of the flute. After the Paris World Expo, the saxophone was widely known and spread around the world, especially as one of the favorite instruments of the military band. To this day, the saxophone is still a symbol of fashion.
In 1867, invented reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is our common building material. It was first known to the world at the 1867 Paris World Expo. The inventor of this new material is an ordinary French gardener whose name is Joseph Monnier. He tried to make the pots stronger, and he experimented with many methods, and the reinforced concrete pots were very strong. He first braided the shape of the flower pot with fine steel bars, and then applied cement mortar to both sides of the steel bar. After drying, the flower pot is very strong. Under the recommendation of some well-known architects, reinforced concrete quickly moved from small pots to high-rise buildings, and eventually became an important material for modern architecture.
1873 Accident caused the motor to appear
At the 1873 Vienna World Expo in Austria, Gram from Belgium showed his DC motor. It is said that this is an "accidental invention" in which the line accidents are mistakenly made during the Expo. Gramm's exhibition was a DC generator. During the exhibition, he accidentally connected the wrong line and connected the power generated by other generators to the current output of his generator. At this time, he was surprised to find that the current from the first generator entered the armature coil of the second generator, causing the generator to turn rapidly and the generator became the electric motor. The engineers and inventors present were ecstatic, because a new invention that saved people's effort was born.
1876, the largest steam engine started
On the afternoon of May 10, 1876, the Philadelphia World Expo was opened. US President Grant and the Brazilian King Pedro II pulled the switch and started the "Collins" steam engine, which is the total power source for some of the machinery in the various venues of the Expo. The machine has a mass of 600 tons and a power of 12,000 kilowatts. The most powerful steam engine in the world at the time. After the steam engine started, thousands of machines in the pavilion roared in unison, and the exhibition hall vibrated slightly in the rumble, and people felt the shock of modern industry.
1889 Built the most famous Expo building
Since the first World Expo, the host country has built a variety of Expo buildings. However, no building is as famous as the Eiffel Tower at the 1889 Paris World Expo, and it has now become a symbol of France. In January 1887, the tower officially started, and the entire site became a huge steel processing plant. Each section of steel was accurately manufactured according to the drawings according to strict calculations, and then strictly inspected, numbered, and assembled according to the drawings. The tower used 15,000 steel materials and 2.5 million rivets, and the entire tower stood on the concrete-reinforced base. The construction of such a magnificent tower more than 100 years ago is not only a symbol of the success of Eiffel design, but also a symbol of the development of science and technology.
1904 Entering the new era of communication
In 1904, at the World Expo in St. Louis, the most eye-catching venue was the Electrical Museum. In the electrical hall, visitors can use the radio to talk to friends in other cities in the United States. It sounds like nothing is great now. However, for people in 1904, electronic communication across cities was very novel. In 1879, Edison revolutionized Bell's telephone structure, using carbon particle contact to control the current intensity, so that the efficiency of telephone transmission of sound is gradually improved, and the function is becoming more and more perfect.
1933 Factory production line unveiled
In 1933, the Chicago Exposition opened its doors to the then industrial and commercial giants, and General Motors, Chrysler, and Sears Department Store were allowed to build their own pavilions. The exhibition focused on the achievements of science in industrial production. The refineries, electronically controlled tractors, toothpaste pipelines and bread production lines were all moved to the scene, allowing people to experience increasingly automated industrial production.
In 1958, an atomic ball symbolizing peace was built.
After the Second World War, there was no World Expo for nearly 20 years. In 1958, the Brussels World Expo in Belgium was the first World Expo after the war. The biggest highlight of the conference was a huge atomic structure model. It simulates the crystal structure of iron, which is magnified 165 billion times compared to the actual atomic structure. The atomic sphere symbolizes the safe and peaceful application of atomic energy by human beings and represents the willingness of people to pursue peace.
In 1962, began to enter the space age
In 1962, NASA built a manned spacecraft center to design the Apollo spacecraft for moon landings, train astronauts, and control manned flights. Thus, the "humanity of the space age" has naturally become the theme of the 1962 Seattle World Expo. The "Science Fiction World" exhibition area of ​​this World Expo has received widespread attention. Some of the ideas presented here have not yet been realized. For example, in the future, people can go to work by private rotorcraft; in the future, when people open the food faucet like a faucet, they will get a steady stream of food; in the future, a giant roof will be suspended over the city. Humans can control and regulate urban weather at will.
1967 Let visitors feel the feat of flying
In 1967, the Montreal Expo in Canada showed some aerospace achievements, allowing visitors to experience the feat of flying. The US Pavilion simulates the construction of the moon, and a 40-meter-high lift carries visitors through the simulated lunar wonderland. The Soviet Pavilion showed visitors an exciting historical moment: On April 12, 1961, Soviet astronaut Gagarin successfully entered the space for the first time on the "Oriental 1" spacecraft. Therefore, Gagarin has become a legendary hero at the Montreal Expo. The Soviet Pavilion also showed spacecraft models, spacecraft facilities and so on.
1982 Rubik's Cube is popular in the world
In 1982, the once-unknown Rubik's Cube stood out at the Knoxville Expo in the United States. The Rubik's Cube is a varied intellectual toy that was invented in 1974 by Professor Rubik of the Budapest School of Architecture in Hungary. At the beginning, he invented the Rubik's Cube, just as a teaching tool to help students enhance their spatial thinking skills. Later, after turning the Rubik's Cube a few times, he discovered how to restore the chaotic color squares is a fun game. After the exhibition at this World Expo, the Rubik's Cube became a game of intelligence in the world.
1985 Super tomatoes are shocking
In 1985, the most dazzling star at the Tsukuba Expo in Japan was a tomato with 13,000 fruits. The tomato is separated from the soil from the seedlings, placed in a sink, and the common fertilizer is dissolved in water at a suitable concentration as a plant nutrient, and then the water temperature and water flow are managed, and oxygen is fully supplied. This soilless tomato tree has attracted countless surprises. First, soilless cultivation completely subverts the concept of traditional human cultivation. Second, 13,000 fruits make this tomato a "hero" in the history of tomato cultivation.
1986 Maglev train debut
In 1986, the theme of the Vancouver World Expo in Canada was “The world is in motion, the world is in contactâ€, and transportation technology has become the focus of exhibitions. The Expo will feature a Japanese-made maglev train with a speed of more than 300 kilometers per hour, known as the "4S", which is Speedy, Silence, Safe, and Smooth. At that time, visitors could also sit on the maglev train and experience the advantages of the car. France and the United Kingdom also exhibited high-speed trains, the former with a speed of 260 km/h and the latter with 200 km, but both were immovable replicas.
1990 Human beings live in harmony with nature
In 1990, the International Flower and Green Expo was held in Osaka, Japan. The theme of this World Expo is “a new beginningâ€, which shows the courage and determination of people to protect the environment. Instead of occupying the inherent cultivated land or green space, this World Expo has found an abandoned landfill that truly reflects the concept of the Green Expo. After the end of the World Expo, some of the exhibition buildings and exhibits were retained by the organizers in advance and became the current Tsurumi Greenland Park.
Started sustainable development in 2000
After the World Expo was held in many cities, the Expo Park became a “ruin parkâ€. In 2000, the organizers of the Hannover Expo in Germany developed the principle of sustainable development: not to build anything that was useless after the Expo. As a result, Japanese architect Yan Mao almost used recycled paper to build a huge Japanese pavilion; the Dutch placed the dunes, forests, flower arrangements and lakes in a 37-meter-high building. It's very clear: space constraints may one day force us to put together all kinds of landscapes, beyond recognition.
2005 Entering the era of robotics
In 2005, the Aichi Expo in Japan brought together robots with different functions. Whether it is cleaning, guarding, or receiving tourists from the venue, the actual work is headed by robots. This indicates that the robot era of the World Expo has arrived. At the upcoming 2010 Shanghai World Expo, robots with multiple functions will also be unveiled. The Aichi Expo will mainly introduce service robots. For example, robots cleaning the venue can choose their own path, and they can automatically bypass obstacles when cleaning the ground. The reception robot is like a multilingual translator. It can talk to people in 4 languages ​​(Chinese, Japanese, English, Korean), introduce the venue and receive visitors. (Editor: Zhe)
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