There are many types of electrophoresis technology. According to the presence or absence of solid supports, they can be divided into two categories, namely, interface electrophoresis and zone electrophoresis. Interfacial electrophoresis refers to electrophoresis performed in solution without a solid support. When there are several charged particles in the solution, after the power is turned on, the corresponding zone interface is formed in the solution due to the different migration speeds of the different particles. However, the zone interfaces can easily overlap each other due to diffusion, and it is difficult to obtain a pure product, and it is difficult to collect after separation, so interface electrophoresis has rarely been applied at present. Zone electrophoresis refers to electrophoresis performed on a support. The support wraps the solution in its mesh to prevent the solution from moving freely. After energization, the various charged particles can form many clear zones. Therefore, the separation effect of electrophoresis in the zone is much better than that of the interface electrophoresis. According to the different supports, the commonly used zone electrophoresis can be divided into paper electrophoresis, cellulose acetate film electrophoresis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis.
(1) Cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis
Cellulose acetate film electrophoresis is an electrophoresis technique using a cellulose acetate film as a solid support, which is developed on the basis of similar electrophoresis on paper. The electrophoresis technology has the advantages of smaller electrophoresis than paper electrophoresis, high separation speed, small sample amount, high resolution and clear separation. Shanghai Chuangsai Technology provides 9032-36-6, agarose, AGAROSE, electrophoresis grade, 1200g/cm2, commodity number: D23-RF1002-100g, price 360 ​​yuan.
(2) Agarose gel electrophoresis
Agarose is selected and made from pure agar (Agar) as a raw material. Agar is chemically a complex composed of agarose and agarose. Agar gum is a polysaccharide containing sulfate and hydroxyl groups, which has ion exchange properties, which can adversely affect electrophoresis and gel filtration. Agarose is a linear polysaccharide which is woven by alternately arranging the residues of D-galactose and 3.6-anhydro-L-galactose (Fig. 4-2). Shanghai Chuangsai Technology provides D-galactose, D-Galactose, HPLC≥98%, standard, 59-23-4, commodity number: C84-3039-100MG, price 148 yuan.
Agarose forms a gel mainly by hydrogen bonding. Due to the large water content of the gel during electrophoresis (98-99%), it is approximately free electrophoresis, and the effect of the solid support is less, so the electrophoresis speed is fast and the zone is neat. Moreover, since agarose does not contain a charged group, electroosmosis has little effect and is a better electrophoretic material, which can achieve better separation effect.
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