Charles Eames was born in St. Louis in 1907. When he was a child, the Fraubert building block toy had a great influence on him (this is the same as the experience of the famous American architect Wright). This is an advanced teaching method designed to encourage children in kindergarten to touch geometric wooden toys, such as spheres, cubes, pyramids and triangles, to stimulate children's sense of space. Charles quickly showed a keen sense of shape and pattern structure. Later, he determined to become an architect.
While studying at the University of Washington, Charles studied and explored the design ideas of "modern" architects in Europe and America at the time. In 1928, he was expelled from the school for "blind worship of Wright". The teacher's comment on him was: "Charles as an architect will not achieve anything." But Charles did not lose confidence.
In 1945, a California avant-garde magazine "Art and Architecture" launched a plan. They hoped to entrust some first-class architects to design a series of model houses. The prices of these houses should be relatively low. The plan will be published in the magazine. It is open for visiting until it is finally sold. There are a total of 26 model houses in this group. In addition to the Yims and his wife, the invited designers also include famous artists such as Shalinen.
The house commissioned by the Eames was the most striking building of the 20th century. It aims to show people the revolutionary changes that industrial technology has brought to the construction of houses, and also provides people with low-cost and satisfactory housing. The house was built with steel and glass as the basic structure. Five people built it in just 16 hours. The roof and floors were completed in three days. But this kind of industrial operation does not make the house a living "machine", nor is it just a technical means to solve the house construction, it is still full of artistic interest. On top of these "reinforced iron bones", the Eames and his wife embedded a series of colored panels, either opaque or transparent, as windows and sliding doors. Pat Kirkheim once described this idea as: "A Mondrian-style piece of music on the Los Angeles grassland." This building aptly shows the warmth and warmth of California, and the Imes and his wife brought it to Brilliant colors of modern architecture.
In addition to the exterior design, the interior space of the house is also a challenge to the cold, impersonal European modernist style. The Eames and his wife have always been passionate about collecting. Over the years, they have collected a variety of beautiful objects, including daily necessities, ethnic artworks, toys, and elegant art treasures. They placed these collections in every visible part of the room, not even the ceiling. Modern architecture always prefers that everything is clean and concise, but Charles and Ray have developed on this basis, combining things of different materials and spreading them in the same interior space, creating a vivid and vivid style, The two styles of simplicity and cumbersomeness are reflected at the same time.
In the ten years after 1945, furniture design became the focus of the work of the Eames's firm. They made arduous attempts to design a dining table and chairs made of metal legs and a series of leisure chairs with metal legs. This kind of dining chair, called DCM, was a great success. In 1951, in the United States alone, it sold 2,000 pieces a month. The entire series of products also followed-wooden legs, three-legged variants, even matching coffee tables, and so on. Many styles are still in production today, becoming a classic design of the 20th century. The philosophy of the Eames is that good design should be accepted and enjoyed by everyone. Charles often said that his goal was "to bring the best design to as many people as possible."
The really sensational series is the plywood seats designed later. The lounge chair and supporting soft stool designed by them in 1956, with plywood as the frame and a leather seat surface, are very gorgeous. The chair was so striking when it first appeared that it was quickly printed on magazine covers and advertising photos, and even appeared on record boxes. Despite its high price tag, the sales volume is staggering. By 1975, 100,000 units had been sold.
Such a good market response is also reasonable-the furniture designed by the Eames couple contains a fresh, concise, natural style, which is why they are so successful. Even if it is placed today or even many years later, the result will be the same.
The Eames also gave the metal different styles. In 1951, they designed a chair similar in style to a plastic seat, but made of metal mesh grille. Their friends, the British architects Alison and Peter Smithson, praised the chair: “It shocked us like a bomb. It is so different, even quite like the Eiffel Tower. You ca n’t see the It ’s similar because it ’s so special. It uses metal as the material, but it ’s very light, and it ’s even like conveying another planet ’s message. "
The difference between the Eames and the ordinary people is that their creative horizons are very broad. They did not limit themselves to the design of buildings and furniture, but at the same time engaged in the design creation of exhibitions, movies and multimedia. Architect Kevin Roche once described Charles as: "... there is no doubt that he is the most creative new designer of the 20th century. He gathers inventors, repairers, designers, architects, filmmakers, As well as being a scientist, researcher, prophet and creator, he can handle all kinds of industries in a large span, and he can establish incredible connections between them. It is a true genius. "
The exhibition design is obviously a manifestation of the hobbies of the Eames couple who have always been passionate about collecting and displaying objects. In 1950, they were commissioned to plan and install the "Excellent Design" exhibition in the Chicago commercial market. This exhibition shows the daily necessities of daily life such as knives, forks, chairs, etc., and the Eames displayed them like works of art, which was very successful. Soon, some similar exhibitions designed by them were also held in succession. This display is an appreciative performance, which is a way of combining the display, pictures, text and related materials. Despite being criticized as "information overload" by some people, the audience is still intoxicated by this wonderful and exciting three-dimensional world. In an era when people were used to putting exhibits in glass boxes in museums, the Eames and his wife injected new vitality into the display design. Architectural historian Beatrix Cromina believes that the difference between the Eames and their predecessors is that they used such a way of communication: using various media to describe things and using information to shock the view By.
The most famous multimedia display design of the Eames and Mrs. was "American Glimpse" at the 1959 Moscow exhibition. This is a cultural exchange event organized by government departments. In a huge dome-style building, the Eames and his wife designed a super slide show system that quickly played 2,200 pictures on seven 32-foot (9.7-meter) long screens, and cooperated with related explanations and slides. The material comes from the daily lives of Americans. This 12-minute demonstration described the American customs and customs with poetic images, and the effect was just as the reporters later described: "Almost everyone walked out of the exhibition hall when they were deeply moved by tears." .
The Eames and his wife also created a large number of movies and other multimedia works. Charles said: "In movies, you can express your thoughts and feelings in a way that is not possible in other media. You can control a variety of factors--picture, content, time, etc., and pass other It is impossible for the media. "They were also commissioned by government departments and some commercial organizations to create some films, the most worth mentioning of which is the many cooperations with the United States International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). But even when working with large-scale first-class companies, they use an educational and relaxed style instead of showing off with ostentatious effects and bizarre ideas. Charles often said: "We must treat entertainment with rigour."
For the Eames, happiness and happiness do not come from luxurious and expensive items, but from discovering and strengthening the beauty of ordinary objects in life.
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