1. How to make ICC characteristic file? Where can I find the programs used for color management and these characteristic files?
For color management, each device (including scanners, digital cameras, monitors, printers, etc.) needs to have its own characteristic file. Each characteristic file of these devices associates the color data of the device with the standard color space and combines them to produce a complete conversion process. In order to generate these characteristic files, a target image for measurement is required. For example, the scanner can use a medium-sized photo, but it is best to use the IT8.7 / 2 standard color scale for scanning reflective manuscripts, using IT8.7 / 1 Standard color scales are used to scan transmissive manuscripts. The printer should use prints containing color patches, preferably IT8.7 / 3, which contains 928 color patches. The monitor needs more color target images.
The characteristic file making software is provided together with the test image. In order to be able to generate characteristic files of printers and monitors, the transmission and reflection films of scanners and digital cameras should be evaluated. There should also be a specific color scale provided by Macbeth for evaluating digital Camera system. Then, a color management device is required to measure this printed image, and through these measurements, the measured data is provided to the software for use in making a characteristic file.
Characteristic file creation software is available from Agfa, Fuji, Gretag-Macbeth, Heidelberg, Kodak, Monaco and other companies. Measurement equipment is available from Gretag-Macbeth, X-rite, Alwan Color Expertise, Color Savvy and other companies.
In order to combine the characteristic files of different devices, a color management module (CMM) is required. CMM enables images to be converted between devices in different color spaces and produces predictable colors. The most important CMM is the interpolation engine used for combined interpolation (LUT). The CMMs produced by different manufacturers are different. ICC does not clearly recommend which CMM to use, because some CMMs pick up the special label information in the characteristic file. , As a special application is more meaningful. Many high-end RIPs include a CMM and a Photoshop program, allowing people to use a simple combination of feature files because Photoshop also includes a CMM. The CMM in the Apple computer is an integral part of the operating system, called ColorSync, and the CMM for Windows in the PC is the ICM. Most software vendors who create feature files can also use their software to create specific CMMs.
2. In color management, which color management spaces are mainly used? What is PCS?
In color management, the color data of an image is converted from one color space to another. There are two main types of applications. One is the color space that has nothing to do with the device, mainly CIE XYZ, CIE Lab color space (see Figure 1). The other is the color space related to the device, mainly RGB (see Figure 2), CMYK color space.
PCS (Profile Connection Space), which is a profile connection space, can be defined by XYZ space or Lab space, and is a color space independent of the device. The purpose of PCS is to play a linking role as an intermediate color space for color space conversion when performing color conversion between different devices. For example, to display the RGB image of the scanner on the display screen, first, the color management system converts the RGB image of the scanner to a profile connection space (PCS). Then, the color management system uses the information about the display stored in the color characteristic file of the display to convert the image from the connection space of the characteristic file to the color space of the display, and you can see the image displayed on the display.
3. What is the color matching method (rendering intent)?
The color space of the image data of different devices is different, for example, the image scanned by the scanner is RGB data, and the image printed by the printer is CMYK data, and the CMYK color gamut is much smaller than the RGB color gamut. For color management, the characteristics of various devices can be described by supporting color profiles between various media devices, including ICC profile of scanner, ICC profile of monitor, ICC profile of printer, ICC profile of device connection Wait. By establishing an ICC characteristic file, the color space conversion between the device color space and the PCS space is performed. Since the color spaces of the color spaces used by the two are different, color matching is required. The method of mapping image data from one color space to another is called color matching.
4. What are the color matching methods? Which color matching method should be used?
When copying images of different color gamuts to a medium, the color matching method defines how to correct the color gamut obtained on the media. The ICC standard provides four color matching methods, namely, perceptual method, relative chromaticity method, saturation method, and absolute chromaticity method.
The feeling method is to adjust the conversion ratio according to the color range displayed by the output device, so as to obtain the consistency of colors in the sense. The relative chromaticity method is to change the white point calibration. All colors are changed correspondingly according to the change of the calibration point, but the color gamut is not compressed. The colors beyond the color space are replaced by the colors with the closest color gamut boundaries. The saturation method is to compress the saturation nonlinearly, not necessarily faithful to the original, and pursue high saturation when the equipment conditions permit. The absolute chromaticity method is that the colors in the output color gamut remain unchanged after conversion, and the colors beyond the color gamut are replaced by the colors of the color gamut boundary.
Which color matching method to use depends on the color gamut of the original and the copy media. Copy the scanned ordinary photo image into a print or use it for display, usually using the sensory method. The main reason is that the color gamut printed or displayed is usually lower than the original. For high color gamut printing, the chroma method (trying to produce an accurate color match) may be more suitable. However, in other cases, such as proofing (one device emulates another device, such as display simulation printing), when there is no color gamut to match, a chromaticity method needs to be used; when the output color gamut is similar to the input color gamut , You can use the absolute chromaticity method. The saturation method is usually used for commercial images, which can produce higher vividness on the printed matter and make the image rendering effect stronger.
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