Scientists from the University of Iowa have found through clinical trials that as a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of standard cancer treatments, 800-1000 times the daily recommended dose of vitamin C in patients with brain and lung cancer is proven to be safe. . At the same time, studies have shown that the high dose of vitamin C can increase the sensitivity of cancer cell death and is related to the key pathways that can change the iron metabolism of cancer cells.
Human trials have confirmed that high doses of vitamin C are safe against cancer
Eleven patients who participated in the brain cancer safety trial received a 9-month vitamin C injection, three times a week for the first two months, two weekly injections for the next seven months, and they received standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy. . The goal of each injection is to increase the concentration of vitamin C in the patient's blood to 20,000 μM. In contrast, the concentration of vitamin C in the blood of most adults is about 70 μM. The high dose is required because the half-life of vitamin C in the human circulation is about 2 hours. The results show that treatment is usually well tolerated and produces moderate side effects, including frequent toilet and dry mouth.
Why is it safe?
So why is it safe to inject high doses of vitamin C? Even at such high levels, vitamin C does not “harm†normal cells. The team found that the levels of redox-active iron molecules (by-products of abnormal mitochondrial metabolism) in tumor tissues are abnormally high, and they react with vitamin C to form hydrogen peroxide and free radicals derived from hydrogen peroxide. These free radicals are thought to selectively cause DNA damage in cancer cells, causing cancer cell death and increased sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy.
Douglas Spitz, co-author of the study, said: "Our research confirms that the increased redox active metal ions in cancer cells explain why cancer cells and normal cells are sensitive to high doses of vitamin C."
Another paper reveals why high doses can "act"
Research co-author Garry Buettner said: "This study reveals the fragility of cancer cell metabolism. This allows us to use existing redox active compounds such as vitamin C to make cancer cells sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy."
Xiao Bian noted that at the end of last year, the research team led by Buettner published another paper in Redox Biology that explains why high-dose vitamin C can "kill" cancer cells. Title: Tumor cells have decreased ability tometabolize H2O2: Implications For pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy).
Specifically, the study found that vitamin C is easily decomposed and produces hydrogen peroxide. The latter is a type of reactive oxygen species that destroys tissues and DNA. Normal cells have multiple ways to scavenge hydrogen peroxide to keep it at a very low level to avoid damage. Cancer cells are less able to scavenge harmful hydrogen peroxide than normal cells.
Studies have also confirmed that catalase plays a key role in this process. When exposed to high concentrations of vitamin C, cells with low catalase activity are more susceptible to damage and even death. According to Buettner, this finding may help determine which combination of high-dose vitamin C can improve the treatment of which cancers and which treatments.
"Our research shows that cancers with lower levels of catalase may have the greatest response to high-dose vitamin C therapy, and vice versa," he explained. The next goal of the research team was to develop methods for determining tumor catalase levels.
Emphasis on injection, not oral
In both studies, the route to vitamin C supplementation was injection rather than oral. Studies have shown that intravenous vitamin C - bypassing normal intestinal metabolism and excretion pathways - produces blood levels that are 100-500 times higher than those produced by oral administration. Importantly, this "ultra-high" concentration in the blood is the key to the ability of vitamin C to attack cancer cells.
The result is "pleasant", but the conclusion needs to be cautious
Safety studies laid the foundation for clinical trials in II. The researchers plan to investigate whether high doses of vitamin C can prolong the overall lifespan and quality of life of patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation in the II trial. Researchers are currently recruiting 4 patients with lung cancer and will soon recruit patients with brain cancer (polymorphic glioblastoma).
They hope that in the Phase II clinical trial, combined with vitamin C treatment, brain cancer patients can respond to radiation and chemotherapy. This expectation is based on data from the I trial: the overall survival of 11 patients with glioblastoma multiforme increased by 4-6 months.
Bryan Allen, co-corresponding author of the study, said that although the results now seem gratifying, we were unable to determine whether supplementation with high doses of vitamin C could improve the response to treatment before we completed these phase II trials.
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