Nature is the source of design. For Tibet, which is located in the snowy area, it is surrounded by the Himalayas, Kunlun Mountains, Tanggula Mountains and Hengduan Mountains. The geographical environment is relatively complex and the regional characteristics of natural resources are strong.
Among them, northern Tibet is a plateau area, which is basically a contiguous natural pasture. It is the main animal husbandry area in Tibet. The leather resources such as sheep, goats and yak are extremely rich. Tibet is an alpine valley, belonging to the Hengduan Mountains. It is the inflow area of ​​the Jinsha River, the Nujiang River and the Lancang River. The forestry resources are dominant and there are many wood species. In addition, local mineral resources are also abundant. It is precisely because of the rich timber resources in Tibet that most of the daily necessities of farmers/herds in Tibet are wooden vessels. Wooden utensils are almost full of all aspects of the life of farmers/herders in Tibet, and they are particularly prominent in catering equipment, such as bowls, seasoning boxes, boxes, jugs, etc. are wooden utensils.
The livestock fur of the northern Tibetan Plateau and other farming and pastoral areas is a natural raw material for traditional Tibetan handmade leather products. Since ancient times, Tibetans have been processing and sewing a variety of living utensils, such as leather basins and skins. Plates, cups, tea salt bags, pouches, jugs, costumes, masks, etc. Among them, leather tableware such as leather plates, leather bowls, leather basins, etc., compared with other materials, not only is convenient to take, but also lighter and more durable, with rich plateau characteristics.
In addition, the Tibetan traditional folk cooking utensils also have a large number of pottery and stone tools. Only ceramic pots have the shape of the code, the beauty, the weight, the wave, the ground and so on. This ecological design concept based on local conditions, local materials and natural techniques makes the traditional Tibetan catering kitchen utensils simple and intimate, full of strong local flavor. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the characteristics of the design and manufacture of traditional catering utensils used by Tibetans.
1Wooden catering utensils Natural wood is mostly mild in nature, with shiny surface, fine texture, fine structure and easy processing. The wooden bowl has the characteristics of strong heat insulation, unchanging taste and convenient carrying, etc., while the rock cypress and white sap The wooden bowl made of birch roots and tree tumors also has anti-toxic function. It has a special flavor when it is used to drink buttered tea and wine, so it is very popular among Tibetan people. According to the living habits of the Tibetan people, because the wooden bowl is highly heat-insulating, it is mostly used for drinking tea, and because it is light and strong, it is durable and therefore used to hold other foods.
The crafts of Tibetan people making wooden bowls are more elaborate. The materials used to make wooden bowls generally choose birch, cedar, and miscellaneous wood, and the trees with large and large trees are better. After selecting the materials to be produced, it is then air-dried and finished, and then the wood bowl blanks are slowly polished. This process requires fine workmanship. Only in this way can the finished product be thin and symmetrical, and the bottom of the bowl is placed smoothly. In terms of design, Tibet's wooden bowls can be divided into bowls, bowls, rafts, etc., which can be used for drinking tea, eating oysters or storing food, spices, seasonings, etc.
In terms of the modification process of the wooden bowl, in addition to the different natural colors and patterns of the wood itself, some common wooden bowls are also commonly used in the mountains of Tibet to squeeze the juice and smear the inside and outside of the bowl wall to make it into orange. Yellow, so that the wooden bowl is beautiful and bright. Some wooden bowls used by people with special status are also decorated with gold, silver and copper, such as the 19th century gold buckle wooden bowls collected by the Tibet Museum (see page 118). The bowl is 9.5cm high and has a diameter of 13.5cm. The bottom diameter is 9.5cm, the surface of the vine yellow is smooth, the wood grain is clear, and the metal edge is wrapped around the mouth and the foot, so that the wooden bowl can be prevented from being worn and the wooden bowl can be decorated. A copper-encrusted wooden wine bowl with a diameter of 12.5cm and a height of 12cm (see middle a); a modern silver-embellished wooden tea bowl (see picture b), with a bowl diameter of 8.5cm and a height of 5.5cm In addition to dyeing and edging, these bowls are also painted with special decorative patterns (see, the picture is from
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