I. A brief review of the development of China's printing technology Printing is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It has made world-recognized significant contributions to the invention and development of ancient human printing, but China's modern printing technology has lagged behind. Since 1950, China's printing and equipment equipment industry has entered a new stage of development. After several five-year plans, it has established a printing and equipment equipment industry system through self-reliance, realized the printing of lead printing machinery, and gradually promoted offset printing. technology. From 1974, the National Key Project “748 Project†was established, which is the research and application of Chinese character information processing technology, including three projects of “Chinese Character Photocopying Systemâ€, “Chinese Character Information Retrieval System†and “Chinese Characters Communication Systemâ€. In 1988, the fourth-generation laser photocopying system was successfully developed. In the Economic Daily, instead of lead, China's printing technology began to bid farewell to “lead and fire†and entered a new era of “light and electricityâ€.
Since the beginning of the 1980s, based on the development of printing technology and the needs of the domestic market, it has proposed the "16-word printing technology advancement policy of "laser photography, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage" and has formulated a special plan, which has been established since 1983. The special transformation of printing technology was included in the national plan. By 2000, it had invested about 3 billion yuan, and technological transformation was carried out on more than 200 printing equipment and equipment enterprises. In the more than two decades of reform and opening up, China's printing and equipment and equipment industries have continued to develop at a rapid rate. Major technological advances have taken place and revolutionary changes have taken place.
Second, China's printing and equipment and equipment industry has made tremendous progress in the past two decades. Great progress has been made in technology, leading-edge printing has been eliminated, and laser photocopying technology, offset printing and color offset printing technologies have been popularized.
Among the 11,211 printing enterprises in the country in 1980, there were only 56 electronic color separation machines, of which 176 were printed at two fixed-point factories for printing books and periodicals, there were 123,000 employees, and there were 25 electronic color separation machines. In 1979, the UK’s Munnar company was located in Beijing and Shanghai. The laser photocopying system was exhibited. After the exhibition, several units were retained. Offset machines accounted for only 29.1% of the total number of offset and offset presses. The ratio between printed and offset printing was 1:0.93, and the lead print was slightly larger than the offset.
In 1999, there were a total of 1,185 fixed-point printed books and printing enterprises in the country, with 309,100 employees. There were 319 electronic color separation machines, 1,293 laser phototypesetting systems, 512 full-page imposition equipment, 618 offset proofing machines, and 1,527 letterpress printing machines. , 6,860 lithographic printing presses, 2145 units of binding engines.
2. The production capacity has increased dramatically. In 1949, there were fewer than 100 books and periodicals printing factories in the country. The number of employees was less than 4,000 and the output of books and periodicals was less than 500,000. By 1980, there were 112,000 books and periodicals printing enterprises in the country, with 815,000 employees, of which 176 were designated printing and printing enterprises at two levels, with 123,000 staff and workers, books and periodicals output of 28.42 million, and industrial output value of 1.15 billion yuan. In 1999, there were a total of 1,185 fixed-point printing and printing enterprises with 1,185 employees, 309,100 employees, 128.67 billion yuan in industrial output, 18.799 billion words in layout, 61,472,200 books and magazines, and a total of 1,418 million books (including reprints and reprints). The publication cycle was greatly shortened, and the average cycle time was reduced from 300 days to about 100 days. In 1999, 8,187 titles were published, and the total number of prints was 2.846 billion.
In 1980, there were 38 large-scale printing presses at or above the provincial level, with nearly 10,000 employees, a total of 2.846 billion copies and 10.7 billion pairs. In 1999, a total of 2,038 kinds of newspapers were published across the country, with a total of 31.838 billion copies, a total of 63.668 billion pairs of printed sheets, and 1.444 million tons of paper. In 1985, more than 10 kinds of national color publication newspapers were published, and in 1999 it had grown to 500 kinds; before 1992, Chinese newspapers were a 4th edition each day. By 1999, more than half of daily newspapers had published 4-6 pairs, 16-24 editions. , sometimes 12 pairs of open, count 48 layouts. Compared with the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, the average annual growth rate of books and periodicals is 30.96%, which is much higher than the national economic growth rate.
Compared with 1978 in 1998, in 1998, the printing capacity of the key printing and printing plants was 18.79 billion words, which was 430.7% higher than that in 1978; the printing of books and periodicals was 61.57 million, an increase of 479%; the number of multi-color offset printing was 1,100.43 million, an increase of 1157%, and binding was 4,618. Wanling increased by 335.6%, the number of books reached 141,831, increased by 846%, the number of journals was 8,187, increased by 780%, textbooks were 20,755, increased by 484%, newspapers were 2,038, increased by 1095%. (To be continued)
Since the beginning of the 1980s, based on the development of printing technology and the needs of the domestic market, it has proposed the "16-word printing technology advancement policy of "laser photography, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage" and has formulated a special plan, which has been established since 1983. The special transformation of printing technology was included in the national plan. By 2000, it had invested about 3 billion yuan, and technological transformation was carried out on more than 200 printing equipment and equipment enterprises. In the more than two decades of reform and opening up, China's printing and equipment and equipment industries have continued to develop at a rapid rate. Major technological advances have taken place and revolutionary changes have taken place.
Second, China's printing and equipment and equipment industry has made tremendous progress in the past two decades. Great progress has been made in technology, leading-edge printing has been eliminated, and laser photocopying technology, offset printing and color offset printing technologies have been popularized.
Among the 11,211 printing enterprises in the country in 1980, there were only 56 electronic color separation machines, of which 176 were printed at two fixed-point factories for printing books and periodicals, there were 123,000 employees, and there were 25 electronic color separation machines. In 1979, the UK’s Munnar company was located in Beijing and Shanghai. The laser photocopying system was exhibited. After the exhibition, several units were retained. Offset machines accounted for only 29.1% of the total number of offset and offset presses. The ratio between printed and offset printing was 1:0.93, and the lead print was slightly larger than the offset.
In 1999, there were a total of 1,185 fixed-point printed books and printing enterprises in the country, with 309,100 employees. There were 319 electronic color separation machines, 1,293 laser phototypesetting systems, 512 full-page imposition equipment, 618 offset proofing machines, and 1,527 letterpress printing machines. , 6,860 lithographic printing presses, 2145 units of binding engines.
2. The production capacity has increased dramatically. In 1949, there were fewer than 100 books and periodicals printing factories in the country. The number of employees was less than 4,000 and the output of books and periodicals was less than 500,000. By 1980, there were 112,000 books and periodicals printing enterprises in the country, with 815,000 employees, of which 176 were designated printing and printing enterprises at two levels, with 123,000 staff and workers, books and periodicals output of 28.42 million, and industrial output value of 1.15 billion yuan. In 1999, there were a total of 1,185 fixed-point printing and printing enterprises with 1,185 employees, 309,100 employees, 128.67 billion yuan in industrial output, 18.799 billion words in layout, 61,472,200 books and magazines, and a total of 1,418 million books (including reprints and reprints). The publication cycle was greatly shortened, and the average cycle time was reduced from 300 days to about 100 days. In 1999, 8,187 titles were published, and the total number of prints was 2.846 billion.
In 1980, there were 38 large-scale printing presses at or above the provincial level, with nearly 10,000 employees, a total of 2.846 billion copies and 10.7 billion pairs. In 1999, a total of 2,038 kinds of newspapers were published across the country, with a total of 31.838 billion copies, a total of 63.668 billion pairs of printed sheets, and 1.444 million tons of paper. In 1985, more than 10 kinds of national color publication newspapers were published, and in 1999 it had grown to 500 kinds; before 1992, Chinese newspapers were a 4th edition each day. By 1999, more than half of daily newspapers had published 4-6 pairs, 16-24 editions. , sometimes 12 pairs of open, count 48 layouts. Compared with the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, the average annual growth rate of books and periodicals is 30.96%, which is much higher than the national economic growth rate.
Compared with 1978 in 1998, in 1998, the printing capacity of the key printing and printing plants was 18.79 billion words, which was 430.7% higher than that in 1978; the printing of books and periodicals was 61.57 million, an increase of 479%; the number of multi-color offset printing was 1,100.43 million, an increase of 1157%, and binding was 4,618. Wanling increased by 335.6%, the number of books reached 141,831, increased by 846%, the number of journals was 8,187, increased by 780%, textbooks were 20,755, increased by 484%, newspapers were 2,038, increased by 1095%. (To be continued)
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