With the advent of the Internet + maker era, 3D printing technology has become a new trend in today's era, and is also the new darling of Maker Education. "Zichuang Space" listed 3D printing technology as one of the "Three Musketeers" of Maker Education. Exploration has been carried out in the education of primary and secondary schools. According to the characteristics of “design and productionâ€, 3D printing technology is applied in the practice of Creativity in primary and secondary schools, so that teachers and students can inspire students and students to learn interdisciplinary learning through hands-on design and in-depth experience. The enthusiasm of creative intelligence creates the spatial imagination, creative thinking ability and creative design ability of teachers and students. Let teachers and students create effective ways to use 3D printing technology in primary and secondary creator education and STEAM education through playing, doing middle school, learning in school, and doing middle school.
Keywords: 3D printing technology; maker education; STEAM education; maker education "three swordsman";
I. Application status of 3D printing technology
In November 2015, the State Council issued the “Guiding Opinions on Actively Giving Play to the Role of New Consumption to Accelerate the Cultivation of New Supply and New Motive Powerâ€, proposing “to promote the accelerated development of 3D printing, robotics, genetic engineering, network security and other sub-sectors, and explore new areas of consumption. Supporting the development of emerging consumer products with broad prospects such as wearable devices, smart homes, and digital media.†[1] Currently, 3D printing technology has been used in industrial modeling, machinery manufacturing, aerospace, military, construction, film and television, home appliances, and light industry. , medicine, archaeology, culture and art, sculpture, jewelry and other fields have been widely used.
At the same time, 3D printing technology plays an important role in the education of students and STEAM in China's primary and secondary schools, bringing new changes to the learning style of primary and secondary school students. Through the tactile experience of 3D printing entities, students' imagination can be turned into reality. Achieve the "smart thinking" of the teaching effect. At present, many primary and secondary schools in China are equipped with 3D printers . For example, in 2015, the Yunnan Provincial Department of Finance and the Provincial Department of Education arranged a special procurement fund of 68.2 million yuan, and equipped 6,000 sets of 3D printing equipment for 5,365 primary and middle schools in the province [2]. At the same time, many schools have set up 3D design courses, and applied 3D printing technology to different subjects. It has demonstrated the functional advantages and application methods of 3D printing technology in promoting teaching and learning, and provides the integration of optimization technology and subject knowledge. Views and methods that can be borrowed.
In the teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, science, robotics, etc., some primary and secondary schools use 3D printing technology to print out various teaching models for use as tutorials. In the process of creator education in primary and secondary schools, teachers and students create and interpret teachers and students through hands-on, middle school, middle school, middle school, and 3D printing technology through hands-on design and in-depth experience. The enthusiasm of learning and creative intelligence, so as to cultivate the space imagination ability, innovative thinking ability and creative design ability of teachers and students.
II. Definition of core concepts
(1) 3D printing technology
3D printing technology is a kind of rapid prototyping technology . It is based on digital model files and uses a bondable material such as powder metal or plastic to construct an object by layer-by-layer printing. The 3D printer is a machine for rapid prototyping [3]. 3D printing technology has the characteristics of rapid manufacturing, CAD/CAM technology integration, full reproduction of three-dimensional effects, creation of significant economic benefits and extensive application industry [4].
(2) Maker Education
There is currently no exact definition of Maker Education. Xie Zuoru and Wu Junjie gave a new definition of the current stage of Maker Education Satin at the first meeting of the Creativity Education Expert Committee in February 2016: Maker Education is a combination of Maker culture and education, based on students. Interest, in the way of project learning, using digital tools, advocating creation, encouraging sharing, and fostering a quality education for interdisciplinary problem-solving skills, teamwork and innovation capabilities [5].
(3) STEAM Education
STEAM Education was formerly the STAM education proposed by Americans in the 1980s. It consists of four disciplines: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Obama has promoted the implementation of this comprehensive curriculum. It aims to cultivate students' ability to start, innovate and comprehensively apply scientific knowledge from an early age. Subsequently, Art (Art) was added to the original four subjects, and multiple subjects were combined to obtain STEAM education [6].
The application of 3D printing technology in the education of primary and secondary schools
The value of Maker Education and STEAM Education is to combine traditional knowledge learning and educational practice with the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and innovative practical ability. They all focus on the learning process and hands-on experience, and advocate doing middle school, learning, and doing. Zhongchuang enables students to find problems, analyze problems and solve problems in project learning and activity experience, and finally achieve the goal of creative intelligence and practical innovation.
3D printing technology applications include 3D design modeling and 3D print output. 3D print output is only the process of materializing the innovative design of 3D digital models, and 3D design modeling is the key link of 3D printing technology. The use of 3D printing technology in primary and secondary schools can refer to the specific practices of Beijing Dongcheng District when conducting the maker education and STEAM education, and open a three-dimensional creative design course—a course based on 3D design software and 3D printer applications.
Such courses are presented in two main forms during the compulsory education period.
First, a course based on the learning of professional 3D design software. In the process of learning application of professional 3D design software, students carry out inquiry design according to different open design requirements and apply the 3D printer to customize the design process of the model.
Second, a course based on the learning of simple 3D design software. The student learns and applies one or several functions of the simple 3D design software to complete the design of the work in a task or project, and designs the learning process through the 3D printer [7]. At the same time, 3D scanners can be used for fast 3D design to complete 3D printing modeling.
Through the process of design and modeling through 3D design software, teachers and students create and explore unique and interesting creative works by observing and experiencing the problems encountered in daily life. In order to cultivate the space imagination ability, innovative thinking ability and problem solving ability of teachers and students. Promote the process of Creativity Education and STEAM Education in primary and secondary schools through the application of 3D printers, 3D software design and 3D scanners.
1. Application of 3D printer in Creativity Education and STEAM Education in Primary and Secondary Schools
In 2015, the author's unit built the first city-level “Intelligent Robot Maker Education Experience Center†in the national audio-visual system, equipped with a smart classroom, more than 100 various robots, 10 3D printers and 2 3D scans. Instrumentation, providing advanced software and hardware equipment and more than 300 square meters of event space for the launch of the maker education.
The author and the Maker Education Research Team took the lead in creating the “Zhi Chuang Spaceâ€, compiled and published the Creativity Education Textbook, and built the “Micro-Courage Guide†Maker Education Teaching Model, which proposed the application of intelligent robot design and 3D printing technology. Integrating with Scratch and robots as the “Three Musketeers†[8], the application of 3D printing technology as an important carrier for the education of primary and secondary schools, through the specific application of 3D printers to practice maker education and STEAM education.
The biggest difference between a 3D printer and a conventional printer is that the "ink" used is different. The commonly used "ink" for 3D printers is ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, English name Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, which is a thermoplastic polymer material with high strength, good toughness and easy processing). PLA recycled plastic (polylactic acid, English name Polylactic acid, is made from starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources (such as corn), has good biodegradability, is recognized as an environmentally friendly material), these solid materials Controlled by computer program, it is heated and turned into liquid in the print head and then extruded. After being rapidly cooled in the air, it becomes solid. It is piled up like layers of silkworm silk, and finally changed from 3D digital model to 3D solid model. Completed the 3D printing task.
In addition, powders such as ordinary plastics, nylon, paraffin, food, paper, cement, metal or ceramics can be used as "ink" for 3D printers. In the primary and secondary school Maker education and STEAM education, teachers and students can use 3D printers to turn their ideas into reality, and present a knowledge point or problem in each subject with visual 3D printed works. The ground establishes an organic connection between subject teaching and 3D printing technology.
For example, the language and English subjects can print out representative characters and buildings in the text to help students understand the storyline of the text; the mathematics discipline prints the three-dimensional geometric model to help students understand the three-dimensional graphic structure; the physics subject abstracts Magnetic lines and power lines are printed out to shape the invisible abstraction; chemistry can print 3D molecules and atomic models to materialize microscopic particle structures; biology can print cells, viruses, organs, etc. The contents of the sample are sampled; the history department uses 3D printers to replicate ancient artifacts with archaeological significance for further observation and research; geography can print real terrain maps and population distribution maps with 3D printers for more intuitive analysis. Terrain and the population distribution of the region; art disciplines can use 3D printers to produce 3D artwork to enhance the innovation and appreciation of art works; in the robot production course, you can print your own robot accessories and invent one according to your own imagination. New robots, etc.
Therefore, teachers and students can create an “experienced 3D printing technology learning center†with 3D printing technology, allowing teachers and students to actively participate in the practical activities of 3D printing technology application design, and obtain direct access through 3D printers. The learning experience helps teachers and students to conduct independent learning, special learning, personalized learning and inquiry learning, and cultivate the ability of teachers and students to analyze problems, solve problems, scientific inquiry and innovative thinking.
2. Application of 3D scanner in primary and secondary school Maker education and STEAM education
3D printers can only turn 3D digital models into 3D physical models, and one of the sources of 3D digital models is modeling with 3D scanners. In order to understand the modeling principle of 3D scanners, “Zichuang Space†purchased two handheld 3D scanners produced abroad. Since the performance of the 3D scanner is not well understood, there is no corresponding Chinese manual, which brings great difficulty to the use of the device. In order to use the device, the author tried the experiment while searching the dictionary, and learned the operation method through the online micro-course video. It took a lot of effort, although the 3D image appeared in the scanning software on the computer screen, but it was ambiguous. The scanning effect is terrible.
In order to improve the quality of 3D scanning, the author, as a senior photographer, fully utilizes the spirit of makers to apply the principle and technology of photography to the debugging of 3D scanners. To increase the clarity of imaging, the peripheral design of the scanner A number of innovative transformations have been carried out:
(1) Mounting a tripod for photography on a 3D scanner to ensure its shadow quality;
(2) Since the 3D scanner needs to scan the scanned object 360 degrees, the Taobao net has reached the electric table turntable that can be rotated at a constant speed to make a pan/tilt;
(3) In order to improve the light intensity, an LED shadowless photography lamp with adjustable illuminance and adjustable color temperature was purchased. Hard work pays off, after upgrading the peripheral equipment, using the thinking mode of the maker, after a few days of experiments to solve the problem of unclear scanning imaging, providing a better experience creation environment for teachers and students to scan objects and portraits in 3D. It can smoothly complete 3D scanning modeling of still life and portraits, and obtain a high quality 3D printing design model.
Let the teachers and students create models for 3D scanners, scan portraits and teaching tools for peers, save from scan-retouch--materialized to STL format 3D model files--slice software can be recognized by 3D printer The X3G format file - a series of practical processes such as printing portraits and teaching tool models with 3D printers, enables teachers and students to visually perceive the essential difference between 3D printed models and 2D photos, through 3D scanners and 3D The cooperation of the printer to obtain the relevant knowledge content of the 3D printing model helps to cultivate the observation, analysis and understanding ability of the teachers and students.
3. Application of 3D design software in primary and secondary school Maker education and STEAM education
Currently commonly used 3D design software includes UG, Pro/E, CATIA, SolidWorks, Inventor, Zhongwang 3D, 3Done, 3DS MAX, MAYA, Lightwave and many more. SolidWorks, Inventor, Zhongwang 3D, 3Done are 3D modeling software; UG, Pro/E, CATIA can perform 3D modeling and subsequent force analysis, optimization and other more powerful functions, while 3DS MAX, MAYA, Lightwave Mainly to make 3D animation software.
These software features are quite powerful. Our daily necessities and cartoons can be created with these softwares, but unfortunately, most 3D design software is difficult to learn. Many people have heard about 3D design software. There is a sense of fear. In order to reduce the difficulty of using software, “Zhhuang Space†chooses 3Done software to carry out teaching of 3D design modeling. The design interface of the software is very simple, easy to operate, easy to learn, and makes the design process more relaxed and pleasant. "Stupid" 3D design software.
Through the learning and experience of 3D modeling and design software, teachers and students will master the use of 3D software as soon as possible, and design their own creative 3D models. For beginners, 3Done software can help teachers and students to solve 3D. The problem of modeling design. For example, if you want to design a simple hexahedral 3D model, just click [Basic Entity] → [hexahedron] with your mouse, and click anywhere on the mesh surface to generate a hexahedron. If you want to change the size and shape of the hexahedron, just drag it with the mouse or enter the corresponding value in the Settings Parameters dialog box.
3Done software can be applied to the design of teaching models in various disciplines. Taking the intelligent robot design and production course as an example, teachers and students can plan robot design according to their own imagination. The robot's structural accessories and exterior decoration can use 3Done software. Modeling, generating STL format files, and then using ReplicatorG or Makerware slicing software to convert STL format files into X3G format files recognizable by 3D printers, transferring files to 3D printers via online or SD card, and printing out 3D designs of their own designs. The robot model is finally assembled into a creative robot with independent intellectual property rights.
In recent years, the computer robot competitions in primary and secondary schools in Guangdong and Guangzhou have set up the “Smart Waste Sorting Robot Competition†project. Robot accessories require 3D printer printing; robot creative design projects can give full play to the advantages of 3D printers. According to their own ideas, they design “inspired by ideas†creative creative works to cultivate innovative thinking and innovative design capabilities of the makers.
4 Conclusion
The development of information technology in the integration of Maker Education has opened up a new field of innovative education [9]. With the support of 3D printing technology to quickly print the virtual 3D digital model in the computer out of the 3D physical model function, teachers and students can invest time and energy into the innovative design process, allowing teachers and students to create abstract concepts and intuitive The free conversion between experiences makes the design ideas visualized and materialized. Teachers and students create and learn, do middle school, learn in the middle, and do Zhongchuang, which helps to cultivate innovative thinking and innovation spirit of the makers. The ability to create, from "thinking" to "making" to "creating", enables students to realize their imagination and realize innovative design and creative intelligence.
With the continuous improvement and advancement of 3D printing technology, 3D printing technology is being integrated into our life, work and study. 3D printing technology will become an important part of the maker education based on innovation ability. Through active participation in innovative design, teachers and students create a comprehensive and meticulous analysis of print tasks, fully exert their imagination and creativity, and finally print out personalized and innovative design works to serve education and education, thus promoting 3D printing technology in the field of education. The application of 3D printing technology for more schools, the transformation of teaching and learning models to demonstrate and lead.
Racing Harness,Racing Car Harness,Red Racing Harness Seat,Buckle Racing Harness
Ruian Jia Beir Auto Parts Co.,Ltd. , https://www.jbrseat.com