In recent years, with the recovery of China's domestic economy and the adjustment of forestry policies, domestic wood processing enterprises are increasingly demanding imported logs. At present, Zhangjia Port has become one of the largest import timber distribution centers in the country. From the recent import of logs, mainly African, Southeast Asian, Papua New Guinea (hereinafter referred to as Baxin), and some New Zealand pine. Among them, the specific method of the inspection of Pakistani new materials, in order to do a good job in the inspection and acceptance of imported Pakistani new materials, the author of the Papua New Guinea Forest Bureau provided by foreign companies in September 1996 issued the latest version of the "forest log identification, inspection And the contents of the report (including tax assessment) operating procedures are compiled as follows for peer reference.
1 Log inspection method
The ends of the logs must be properly truncated to perform the inspection. The angle between the end face after the truncation and the central axis of the log shall not be less than 80 degrees.
Length check: Use the metered ruler to check the shortest distance between the two ends of the log. The unit is increased by 0.1m, and the part is less than 0.1m.
For example, 5.11m is recorded as 5.1m, 5.15m is recorded as 5.1m, and 5.19m is recorded as 5.1m.
Diameter check: The length and length of the log head are measured by a measured tape measure. Note that the skin is to be inspected. The lower rule is to measure the longest path through the geometric center of the end face, and the vertical length is taken by the center to take the short diameter. The diameters are all in 1cm increments, and less than 1cm is partially discarded.
For example, 42.1 cm is recorded as 42 cm, 42.5 cm is recorded as 42 cm, and 42.9 cm is recorded as 42 cm.
If the big head of the log has a concave pocket or other irregular shape, the diameter should be reasonably evaluated according to the condition of the log processing, and most of the irregular convex fertilizer needs to be deducted.
The calculation of the gauge diameter: the total length and the short diameter of the log head are added by 4 and divided by 4, and the fraction of less than 1 cm in centimeters is rounded off.
The formula is: D = (D1 + D2 + D3 + D4) / 4, D = gauge diameter, D1, D2, D3, D4 = respectively, such as the length and length of the head.
2 Log defect inspection
The Papua New Guinea Forest Bureau classifies log defects relatively simply and is divided into core defects and length defects. The following is a separate introduction.
2.1 Core defects Such defects include voids, heart rot caused by fungi, dry rot, ring cracks and termite infestation. There are two types of C1 and C2.
C2 defect: If the defect penetrates the whole log, that is, the core defect can be found on both ends of the log, the diameter of the defect at both ends of the log should be separately measured, and the inspection method is the same as the diameter of the log.
Class C1 defect: If the defect is only visible at one end of the log, the defect is considered to be half the length of the material. At this time, as long as the length and length of the defect in the visible part are examined, the method of checking is the same as above.
2.2 Length defects include bending, hyperplasia, branching, and the length of each defect to be inspected during the inspection, accurate to 0.1m, and the insufficient part is discarded.
3 tree species identification
Due to the government regulations of the new Guinean government, no single tree species is allowed to be exported. Therefore, the general import of new Pakistani materials involves more tree shrubs, and there are often several or even more than a few tree species in a batch of goods. This requires the wood inspectors to be fully familiar with the macro and micro identification features of various logs, as well as various logs. The abbreviation code can do the tree identification work. The logs imported from Papua New Guinea have the tree type code (three English letters) marked on the label or written with a paint brush. Common Papua tree species identification code.
4 Volume calculation
4.1 defect-free logs: V=0.7854×D2×L/10000
V = volume, unit m3 D: average diameter, unit cm, D = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 / 4, d1, d2, d3, d4 are the length and length of the ends of the log, in cm.
L: length, unit m.
4.2 Logs with core defects: V=V1-V2,
V: net volume, in m3. V1: Volume of the wool (including the volume of the defective part) in m3. V2: Part of the defect, in m3.
The above formula calculation formula is the same as listed in 1. However, if the core defect type is C1, ie the defect is only seen at one end of the log, the formula for V2 is revised to:
V2=0.7854×D2×(L/2)10000
D: average diameter of visible defects, in cm, D = d1 + d2/2, d1, d2 are the length and length of visible defects, respectively, in cm. L: length of the log, in m.
4.3 Logs with length defects
V=0.7854×D2×(L1-L2)/10000
V: volume unit m3. D: average diameter, unit cm, D = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 / 4, d1, d2, d3, d4 are the length and length of the ends of the log, respectively, cm.
L1: length of the log, in m. L2: length of the defect, in m.
1 Log inspection method
The ends of the logs must be properly truncated to perform the inspection. The angle between the end face after the truncation and the central axis of the log shall not be less than 80 degrees.
Length check: Use the metered ruler to check the shortest distance between the two ends of the log. The unit is increased by 0.1m, and the part is less than 0.1m.
For example, 5.11m is recorded as 5.1m, 5.15m is recorded as 5.1m, and 5.19m is recorded as 5.1m.
Diameter check: The length and length of the log head are measured by a measured tape measure. Note that the skin is to be inspected. The lower rule is to measure the longest path through the geometric center of the end face, and the vertical length is taken by the center to take the short diameter. The diameters are all in 1cm increments, and less than 1cm is partially discarded.
For example, 42.1 cm is recorded as 42 cm, 42.5 cm is recorded as 42 cm, and 42.9 cm is recorded as 42 cm.
If the big head of the log has a concave pocket or other irregular shape, the diameter should be reasonably evaluated according to the condition of the log processing, and most of the irregular convex fertilizer needs to be deducted.
The calculation of the gauge diameter: the total length and the short diameter of the log head are added by 4 and divided by 4, and the fraction of less than 1 cm in centimeters is rounded off.
The formula is: D = (D1 + D2 + D3 + D4) / 4, D = gauge diameter, D1, D2, D3, D4 = respectively, such as the length and length of the head.
2 Log defect inspection
The Papua New Guinea Forest Bureau classifies log defects relatively simply and is divided into core defects and length defects. The following is a separate introduction.
2.1 Core defects Such defects include voids, heart rot caused by fungi, dry rot, ring cracks and termite infestation. There are two types of C1 and C2.
C2 defect: If the defect penetrates the whole log, that is, the core defect can be found on both ends of the log, the diameter of the defect at both ends of the log should be separately measured, and the inspection method is the same as the diameter of the log.
Class C1 defect: If the defect is only visible at one end of the log, the defect is considered to be half the length of the material. At this time, as long as the length and length of the defect in the visible part are examined, the method of checking is the same as above.
2.2 Length defects include bending, hyperplasia, branching, and the length of each defect to be inspected during the inspection, accurate to 0.1m, and the insufficient part is discarded.
3 tree species identification
Due to the government regulations of the new Guinean government, no single tree species is allowed to be exported. Therefore, the general import of new Pakistani materials involves more tree shrubs, and there are often several or even more than a few tree species in a batch of goods. This requires the wood inspectors to be fully familiar with the macro and micro identification features of various logs, as well as various logs. The abbreviation code can do the tree identification work. The logs imported from Papua New Guinea have the tree type code (three English letters) marked on the label or written with a paint brush. Common Papua tree species identification code.
4 Volume calculation
4.1 defect-free logs: V=0.7854×D2×L/10000
V = volume, unit m3 D: average diameter, unit cm, D = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 / 4, d1, d2, d3, d4 are the length and length of the ends of the log, in cm.
L: length, unit m.
4.2 Logs with core defects: V=V1-V2,
V: net volume, in m3. V1: Volume of the wool (including the volume of the defective part) in m3. V2: Part of the defect, in m3.
The above formula calculation formula is the same as listed in 1. However, if the core defect type is C1, ie the defect is only seen at one end of the log, the formula for V2 is revised to:
V2=0.7854×D2×(L/2)10000
D: average diameter of visible defects, in cm, D = d1 + d2/2, d1, d2 are the length and length of visible defects, respectively, in cm. L: length of the log, in m.
4.3 Logs with length defects
V=0.7854×D2×(L1-L2)/10000
V: volume unit m3. D: average diameter, unit cm, D = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 / 4, d1, d2, d3, d4 are the length and length of the ends of the log, respectively, cm.
L1: length of the log, in m. L2: length of the defect, in m.
Wastebin, Parcel Box, Cabinet, Letterbox
Recycling Can,Outdoor Parcel Boxes,Customized Trash Can,Small Parcel Mail Box
Chengdu GodShape Sign Co., Ltd , https://www.signsgs.com